Marketing Orientation - 3214 Words

Index Abstract: 2 Market orientation: 2 Benefits of market orientation 3 Barriers to marketing orientation 5 Market orientation concept for new business: 6 Effects of market orientation on the existing business: 7 Mass marketing: 8 Role of mass marketing in developing tactical action programmes 8 Advantages of Mass Marketing: 9 Limitations of mass marketing 9 Market Segmentation: 9 Advantages of Market segmentation 11 Disadvantages of Market segmentation 11 Mass marketing versus Market segmentation 12 Conclusion: 13 References: 13 Abstract: The first half of the assignment deals with the adoption of market orientation as a key principle for guiding†¦show more content†¦They identified the tastes and preferences of the Foreign tourist who visit kerala, south India. They accordingly implemented the plans to help satisfy the needs of the tourists. †¢ Increased creativity and delivering value to the customers: The main characteristic feature of a market oriented firm is the extensive research which they use in order to identify the needs of the customers and satisfy them. They give more importance to the customer needs than to the product process. Market oriented organisations give more importance to the highly innovative production techniques and offer services to customers like delivery, warranty, after sales service etc. The immediate and strong response to the marketing intelligence is one of the major benefits of market oriented firms. They target the selected market segments, design the new products and modify the existing products to fulfil the customer needs (Kohli and jaworski, 1990). †¢ Improved employee commitment to the organisation: The commitment of the employees increase along with the increase in the market orientation. It also increases the benefits of the employees like psychological and social which the employees spawn from the organisation. This will automatically result in better co-ordination between the employees of various departments which in turn will help the company to achieve its goals and objectives. This in turn will give employee the job satisfaction and commitmentShow MoreRelatedMarketing Orientation1208 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many studies of the term ‘marketing orientation’, and its presence within organisations. Marketing orientation is an approach that companies take which centres its activities towards achieving customer satisfaction through effective marketing. It is where customers form the basis of an organisations performance and overall success. In order to achieve successful marketing orientation, a company must organise an effective structure throu gh planning its activities, products and servicesRead MoreMarketing Orientation And Product Orientation1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthe economy era full challenge, marketing theory and practice are accelerating the pace of innovation. Marketing not only has widely exploited in the economy and society field, but also more and more enterprises constantly innovate new performance, new competitive, new brilliance in unprecedented enthusiasm. Therefore, diverse strategies are adopted by most firms to discover and meet the needs and desires of its customers (Jobber Fahy, 2009). Marketing orientation is one of the most successful strategiesRead MoreMarketing Orientation6794 Words   |  28 PagesMarketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit tChapter 1: An Overview of Marketing Learning Objectives 1 Define the term marketing Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholdersRead MoreMarketing Orientation : Marketing And Marketing1450 Words   |  6 PagesA wide range of companies today prefer to adopt the marketing orientated approach to sell their new products rather than using product orientation before.In fact,marketing orientation also helps such companies to earn more profits in the long time.According to Jobber and Ellis Chadwick (2013),marketing orientation focuses on customers need as the primary drivers of organizational performance.However,this is not always the case.Product orientation still be used by some senior executives and this methodRead MoreMarketing : Marketing Orientation Of Boots3697 Words   |  15 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Marketing is the process of selling of goods and services to the real customers. We conduct an assignment based on marketing orientation of Boots. The assignment consists of four parts. The first part discusses the basic concept and the method of marketing orientation of Boots. Then second part represents the various treatments of segmentation, positioning and targeting. The third part consists of the marketing mix and its basic components. And the last part discusses about theRead MoreMarketing and Customer Orientation1614 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"customer orientation† for an organisation in the context of the marketing mix. Please discuss two elements of the marketing mix and illustrate your answer with examples of products or brands of your choice. This essay is for discussing customer orientation and analysis how customer orientation works. During this essay, I will show you what is customer orientation and compare it with other different orientations. In addition, I will talk about marketing mix in customer-orientedRead MoreMarket Orientation And Relationship Marketing1345 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Recently interest in marketing area increase tremendously and this interest has deeply happened because ‘marketing’ term became popular and development rapidly (Esteban et al., 2002). In this review the focus is on two areas of marketing which are market orientation and relationship marketing. Market orientation is a mean for constructing relationship and communication knowledge with customers in terms of satisfying customers and make them loyal (Balarabe, Gambo kk, 2014). On the otherRead MoreImportance of Marketing Concept and Practice of Marketing Orientation1578 Words   |  7 PagesMARKETING STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCED CUSTOMER SATISFACTON AT BIGWAYS LIMITED 1.0 Introduction Bigways Limited is a manufacturing and distributing company of a unique pesticide that no other company manufactures in the whole of East Africa and has been operating in Kenya for the last six years. The company’s smallest package size of their products is 5kg, and they open for business from Monday to Friday between 9am to 4pm with a one hour lunch break. Additionally, the employees of Bigways have beenRead MoreMarketing Orientation Has Evolved And Shifted1486 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, marketing orientation has evolved and shifted. At first, when the production concept was found, firms were primarily production-orientated meaning they were more focused on the production, manufacturing, and efficiency issues than the customers [4]. The orientation assumes that consumers will favour products that offer the most quality, performance and features and that the organisation s objectives will be most readily achieved by a concentration on these [5]. Narrow product lines Read MoreThe Applicability of the Five Marketing Orientations to Avon Operations1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe applicability of the five marketing orientations to Avon operations: Production Orientation focuses on the efficiency and quality of production, with little emphasis on marketing. Avon’s core competency is providing low cost beauty care products to individual customers via direct sales. Their edge over other beauty care companies is the variety and quality of their products. Avon’s cost savings come from decreased infrastructure as they do not maintain many actual stores and the savings derived

Persuasive Essay On Sleep Deprivation - 1610 Words

Introduction: Sleep is as essential to the human body as food and water, but sometimes sleep quality and quantity is inadequate and this is known as sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep deprived people are sleepy and fatigued making them prone to accidents, impairing their judgement and they are more likely to make mistakes and bad decisions. Not sleeping for 24 hours reduces hand-to-eye coordination, which can be compared to having a blood alcohol content of 0.1 and contributes to road accidents and work injuries. A child’s school performance is negatively affected by the lack of sleep and may cause emotional problems such as depression. Sleep deprived adults suffer from lack concentration, irritability, sleep inertia and a grogginess that lasts†¦show more content†¦Poor sleep hygiene – some people’s habits are disruptive; for example, drinking coffee or smoking cigarettes close to bedtime stimulates the nervous system and makes sleep less likely. Another common problem is lying in bed and worrying, rather than relaxing. Babies, older babies and toddlers – parents almost always experience SD because their young children wake frequently in the night for feeding or comfort. [1] Psychological Effects: 1. a. Depression This investigation builds upon past findings by evaluating sleep problems as cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of interviewer-assessed suicidal ideation and attempts, in direct comparison with depression, hopelessness, PTSD diagnosis, anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, in a military sample. The present study revealed that insomnia symptoms served as a unique predictor of suicidal ideation assessed cross-sectionally, and for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt longitudinally (though the latter only held when controlling for only depression, hopelessness and baseline suicidal ideation, which are still strong predictors of death by suicide). This is a stringent test, given that depression is among the strongest predictors of suicide risk, and considering that insomnia and suicidality are symptoms of depression and highly associated with PTSD. [5] Although insomnia and nightmares were significantly associated with depressive and suicidal symptoms, after controlling for addition alShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Sleep Deprivation1735 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch to realize that a great number of them lack sleep. Sleep deprivation has been and is currently a growing â€Å"epidemic† that is affecting human beings of all sizes and ages. It’s crucial, yet it has been thrown aside and we’ve completely disregarded its evident consequences that are taking its toll on our bodies. Sleep, an uncomplicated action that requires minimum effort, is vital to human life; though most people takes its importance lightly, sleep has an abundant amount of benefits: stronger immuneRead MoreStart School Later And Let Teens Sleep : Persuasive Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Later and Let Teens Sleep: Persuasive Essay The national sleep epidemic that has taken the world by storm is also taking a toll in not only teen’s health but also their performance in school as well as personal safety. The sleep deprivation that teens are experiencing everyday has caused many health problems as well as academic problems. I believe starting school later will hinder this ever growing teen sleep deprivation problem we face today. Letting teens sleep later is beneficial to theirRead MoreWhy We Need Sleep1376 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Mariscal Persuasive Essay Why We Need Sleep Sleep is a very important aspect of our lives and people rely on it to re-energize them so they can continue onto the next day. Although sleep is thought to conserve energy it actually drains your metabolism by 5-10%. However, sleep is very beneficial to humans. Sleeping progresses the bodies’ growth and rejuvenates the immune, skeletal, nervous and muscular systems. Sleep also improves short-term memory, mood, efficiency, concentration, andRead MoreSpeech Against Procrastination1290 Words   |  6 Pagesmany parents have in common? No, itæŠ ¯ not that they all have Golgi bodies and retinas. Let me give you a hint. They put off 憈ill tomorrow what they should do today... get my drift? About right now, Joey is late for an audition, Spongebob is writing an essay due in five minutes, my theatre teacher is dilly dallying on who to cast for the upcoming show, high school students are too tired to do anything and parents are putting off their morning meetings until the afte rnoon! And do you know what causes allRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Childhood Obesity1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Television on Childhood Obesity Essay It is evident that the rate of obesity is steadily increasing in North America and has reached an all-time high (Novonty 2015). This is due to the lack of physical activity, increased consumption level of unhealthy foods, and the prominent amount of exposure to media such as Television (TV). Although TV has not been proven to be a direct cause for obesity, it does however contribute to the development of children and adolescence obesity due toRead MoreWho s For The Game?1531 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay, I will be comparing two very different poems; the propaganda and pro-establishment poem ‘Who’s for the game? written in 1916 by Jessie Pope which attempted to recruit men to the army by creating an unrealistic, glorified image of war and Dulce et decorum est written by Wilfred Owen in October 1917 which provides a horrific yet realistic insight into life as a solider. Within Who s for the game? , Pope uses various poetic devices to create a jovial, ebullient imageRead MoreAnswer: Paragraph and Thesis-and-support Outline Thesis9738 Words   |  39 Pagesunsupported. Structure and Technique 1. It does follow the traditional pattern, although it is unusually brief. Introduction: paragraph 1 Support: paragraphs 2-4 Conclusion: paragraph 5 2. In his essay, Russell explores how three causes—his search for love, his search for knowledge, and his pity for humankind—have affected how he’s lived his life. Examples Russell provides of his first passion, love, are that it brings ecstasy; it relieves loneliness;Read MoreAnswer: Paragraph and Thesis-and-support Outline Thesis9749 Words   |  39 Pagesare unsupported. Structure and Technique 1. It does follow the traditional pattern, although it is unusually brief. Introduction: paragraph 1 Support: paragraphs 2-4 Conclusion: paragraph 5 2. In his essay, Russell explores how three causes—his search for love, his search for knowledge, and his pity for humankind—have affected how he’s lived his life. Examples Russell provides of his first passion, love, are that it brings ecstasy; it relieves loneliness;Read MorePsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 Pagestext. Under each heading will be a mix of true-false and multiple-choice questions, and possibly a few analogies, with all answers to be recorded on a scantron sheet. Along with the true-false and multiple-choice questions, there may be a few short essay questions to be answered directly on the test booklet. Because the test organization will follow the organization of the lectures, be thoroughly familiar with the material presented in lecture. For textbook readings, focus first on the materialRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesThey are experts who know things other people do not and are just doing what has to be done. Thus, managerial prerogative – management’s right to manage together with the power and social standing that accompanies it – is morally supported by a persuasive claim to an expertise grounded in superior scientific knowledge. In turn, this knowledge depends upon the philosophical assumption (Figure 1.7) that such neutral access to reality is actually possible in the first place. So, as we noted earlier

The Reasons Why Firms Want to Use Earning Management Free Essays

Good afternoon everyone, today we are going to continue to talk about the consequence of Earning Management, I am xxx We will present the bad side of earning management through 2 cases, The first one is Enron: what happened and what we can learn from it and the second one is the ethical dilemma at Northlake. Both cases are present how management is motived to manipulate accounting numbers to achieve their specific purpose, for example in the first case, Enron increased their net income through many methods to rise their share price, but in the second case, the company decreased their net income. However, both earning management comes with the bad consequences happened to the society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reasons Why Firms Want to Use Earning Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Next, we are going to see another example which is how management is motived to manipulate accounting number to reduce or underprovide for environment and restoration costs. As a result, there cause some ethical issue. First let us go through the Background information: (A. F. P. Company). It is in the Pulp and Paper industry. The company had three major mills, located in some of the more remote location in the province. From A. F. P. Company’s standpoint, of course they do not want to expend too much money on the discharge of waste water from pulp and paper mills; furthermore, the firm had been facing difficult financial times due to recession, and this had caused substantial hardship in the three small communities where the mills were located. But, as in the Pulp and Paper industry has the responsibility to the new government proposals to put effluent controls on the discharge of waste water from Paper mills in environmentally sensitive regions of the province. Therefore, the managers in the (A. F. P. Company) find a way to give themselves a reasonable reason not to install the cleaning equipment. CEO and V. P. of A. F. P. collude together to use earning management to increase their cost on the financial analysis. in the financial report, they states that â€Å"we will have severe financial problems if we are forced into building a lagoon for waste water treatment†, in order to show their fake severe financial problem going to happen, they highly estimate their operating cost would rise 30%, but in fact their cost only can be rise around 8%-10%). And they also highly estimated all other costs. In addition, they don’t take into account the damage to the local river at all. The people live in the downstream are still drinking the garbage or damaged water In this case, let us put all the legal issues behind, and focus on the ethical issue first. As the case mentioned the down totally dependent on the mill for economic survival. It is kind of like Blackberry in Waterloo. As the mills goes, so goes the town. And will thousands of people lost their jobs, if put you in the position to decide between the economic survival or environment damage, how will you decide? If you in the position of A. P. F’s accountant how do you decide between your personal benefits and code of professional code? Let’s say, if you do not use earning management to increase the cost, you will force to lose your job by the CEO. How to cite The Reasons Why Firms Want to Use Earning Management, Papers

Legal - Ethical and Professional Issues in Nursing - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Legal and professional issues in Nursing and Ethics for Nurses Regulates the Code. Answer: Introduction Rules and regulation in relation to the profession of nursing have been developed to ensure best and ethical practices with respect to their operations. All nurses must comply with the legal and ethical code of conduct and incorporate best practices within their activities. The code of ethics acts as guideline which the nurses can refer to during situations which arise out of their daily work activities. the nurses must ensure that they work towards the best interest of the clients without any discrimination and obtaining appropriate consent. The paper discusses the legal and ethical issue which might arise out of the nurse-patient relationship between Taylah and Pam. The first ethical and legal issue with has been identified is that of providing quality nursing care. In this case the primary duty of Pam is to ensure that she works in the best interest of Taylah and explain their pros and cons of her sexual activities to her. The second issue which has been identified in this case is that of consent. Pam in this case according to the code 5 of the code of ethics for nurses in Australia has the duty of informed decision making. She must inform Taylah and take permission before inquiring about her sexual activities. failure to obtain informed consent can breach privacy laws. The third is which has been identified in privacy. As Taylah does not want her mother to known about her sexual activities Pam must keep the details about her sexual activities confidential. This has to be done by Pam referring to code 7 with deals with ethical management of information. The fourth issue which has been identified in this case is the issue of respect and kindness according to the second code of ethics. As Taylah has been subjected to bullying and has a very few friends it is the duty of Pam to treat her with increased kindness and respect. Kindness and respect also generate trust within the clients. The fifth issue which has been identified in this case is the issue of equity. Pam must not discriminate Taylah based on the assumption that she is a minor and is engaging in sexual activities. it is the duty of nurses to treat diverse people with quality. The sixth issue which has been identified in this case is safety. Pam must provide information to Taylah which are reliable and appropriate for her, she should not provide her any wrong information about contraceptive medications and sexual diseases. If any wrong advice is provided it would account to negligent misstatement. The seventh issue which has been identified in this case is the issue of fidelity. Pam must abide by all the promises she will make to Taylah with respect to the consultation process. Pam may be liable for breach of trust is she does not abide by the promises. In Australia, the Code of Ethics for Nurses regulates the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses. According to the Code of Professional Conduct for nurses, the nurses are under legal obligation to treat the personal information of the patients as confidential information (Scanlon, 2016). Maintaining the private information of the patients as confidential is one of the most common ethical challenges that is faced by the health care professionals. When the patients consult health-care practitioners and share their personal and private information, they expect that the health care providers would keep their information as confidential and not share it without their permission. The Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia requires the health care practitioners to respect the privacy of the personal information of the patients ensuring the safety and the health of the patients (Masters, 2015). The professional health care providers are required to maintain the ethical standards in their me dical practice. Legal and ethical issues Bioethics refers to questions regarding basic human rights such as right to life, right to good health and it deals with the fairness and unfairness in the medical developments, healthcare institutions, and healthcare providers. Bioethics lay emphasis on applied ethics and involves ethical questions related to hospitals, families, government and communities (Johnstone, 2015). There are four major ethical principles that are fundamental for comprehending the present ethical approach, in practice, in the healthcare institutions by the health care providers. Beauchamp and Childress have developed these principles and to resolve the ethical dilemmas. The four principles of Beauchamp and Childress are beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. These principles have been developed with the intention to guide the health care professionals whenever they face any ethical dilemma related to treatment options and in order to apply the principles it is pertinent to know about the desire s and needs of the patients (Beauchamp, 2016). The Four principles of Bioethics The Principle of Autonomy refers to the principle of informed consent, which states that no patient shall be treated without the consent of the patient or his or her lawful representative. The health care providers must discuss with the patients about the treatment options that are available to them. A nurse and a patient share a fiduciary relationship, which requires the nurse to respect the authority of the patient to make decisions regarding treatment. A nurse is under legal obligation to provide the patient and his family with accurate information and consequences of the treatment to be undertaken (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). The Principle of Beneficence requires the nurses and other health care providers to ensure that whatever treatment is provided to the patients, it is for the benefit and in the best interest of the patients. The Principle of Non-Maleficense requires the nurses and other health care providers to ensure that the treatment given to the patient will not cause any harm to the patient and must avert anything, which is not beneficial for the patient. While treating the patients, the healthcare providers must consider both the principles, provide the patients with appropriate treatment, and exercise standard of care, which is beneficial for the patients. If there is a conflict between these two principles, the Principle of Non- Maleficense must be applied to prevent the patient from undergoing any harm or damage. The Principle of Justice states that the healthcare providers must treat patients with similar health issues equally. For instance, if two patients requires similar medical need must be treated equally. Medical need is determined on the grounds of patients benefit, duration of such benefit, the urgency of the need and the quality of life of the patient. No patient shall be denied treatment on grounds of non-ability to pay and social status. Consent The Nurse is required to facilitate the autonomy of the patient, that is, to provide the patient with everything that is needed for the patient to make decisions about the treatment. Now, the statutory law and common law governs the legal framework in Australia, and Common law assumes that a patient has the capacity to refuse or to give consent to a treatment. However, a patient is capable to give consent only if he is competent to make decision regarding health; he is completely informed of the treatment and the patient has given the consent voluntarily. In Brightware Care Group (Inc) v Rossiter [2009] Supreme Court of Western Australia held that a person is capable of giving consent unless his incapacity is established. However, if the patient is incapable to give consent then the family member of the patient may make the decision. The healthcare providers must practice medicine in accordance with state, federal and territorial legislation and the code of ethical standards governin g the nurse practitioner practice. In Shaddock Associates v Parramatta City Council [1981] it was held that nurses are required to exercise reasonable skill and care while giving medical advice or information especially, when they are aware that the patient intends to rely or act upon such advice or information. Confidentiality When patients consult, health care providers they are often asked to share certain personal information regarding their medical history, present health conditions and other personal information. According to the ethical code for Nurses in Australia, the information shared by the patients with the nurses can be disclosed only with the consent of the patient or after receiving lawful authorization (Holloway Galvin, 2016). The Nurses are legally obligated to respect the confidentiality and privacy of the patients while ensuring that it does not affects their health (Bernoth et al., 2014). Breach of confidentiality However, if it is pertinent to disclose the information for obtaining medical opinion from other health care professionals and such disclosure is necessary for the benefit of the patients, a nurse must inform the patients about such disclosure. However, in Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California [1974] the court held that it is mandatory for the health professionals to warn individuals if they are likely to be harmed by protecting a patients confidentiality. Under such circumstances, the principles of justice and non-maleficense may be applied which states that if substantial harm is likely to be caused to an individual from maintaining the confidentiality of the patient, then the healthcare professionals must warn the individual and disclose the secret information. Application of the Principles in the scenario In the mentioned scenario, when Taylah Parker became sexually active she was encouraged by her school to contact and consult a sexual health nurse to obtain proper information regarding the contraceptive options and how to reduce the health risks that are related to unprotected sexual activity. Her school nurse wanted her to consult a sexual health nurse so that she is well informed and is able to take appropriate decision related to health accordingly. Taylah is concerned that her mother might find out about her meeting with the sexual health nurse, as she has not informed her mother about her participation in sexual activities. Here, the sexual health nurse while consulting Taylah regarding contraception and her participation in sexual activity, Pam must follow the standard of ethical codes for the Nurses. She must assure Taylah that the information she shares with her shall not be disclosed and her privacy and confidentiality shall be maintained and respected. However, the nurse must also inform her that she has every right disclose such information if she considers that maintaining confidentiality shall cause harm to Taylah or to any other individual (Wolf et al., 2015). Under such circumstances, Pam may apply the principles of Non-Maleficense and Justice. Pam must assure Taylah that no treatment shall be undertaken without her consent or her legal representatives. Pam must facilitate her to make appropriate medical decisions by providing her with accurate and complete information regarding her medical treatment. The sexual health nurse must apply the principle of autonomy and respect her decision regarding the treatment preferences (Pick, Gilbert McCaul, 2014). Pam must apply the principles of beneficence and non-maleficense by ensuring that she gives accurate medical guidance or advice, which would be beneficial for her and would not cause her any harm. The healthcare professionals are under legal obligations enable the patients to make appropriate medical decisions. However, the patients may involve their family member or other carers and if they wish, they may authorize the family members or the carers to make decisions on their behalf. In case there is a doubt regarding substituting the decision makers, the patients and the health care providers may request the relevant guardianship authority to advise them regarding the same. In the given scenario, Taylah does not want to disclose about her participation in sexual activity to her mother. Therefore, Pam shall not disclose any personal information shared by Taylah to anyone without her consent except under certain circumstances. Pam must inform Taylah that if it is necessary to disclose the private information, she may obtain the consent of he persons or representatives that are responsible for taking care of Taylah. In the absence of such consent, Pam may take into consideration of professional judgements after considering the necessity to to disclose particular details for the welfare and in the best interest of Taylah. From the above discussion, it may be concluded that nurses and the other healthcare professionals are responsible for exercising reasonable standard of care on the patients and comply with the professional and ethical standards in order to ensure the safety and welfare of the patients. Conclusion Thus Pam must be extra careful while dealing with Taylah as she is a minor and also have been experiencing social issue at an early age. She must consider the fact that any breach in privacy and confidentiality would have a very negative impact on Taylah. References Beauchamp, T. L. (2016). Principlism in Bioethics. InBioethical Decision Making and Argumentation(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. Bernoth, M., Dietsch, E., Burmeister, O. K., Schwartz, M. (2014). Information management in aged care: cases of confidentiality and elder abuse.Journal of business ethics,122(3), 453-460. Brightware Care Group (Inc) v Rossiter [2009] 40 WAR 84 Chadwick, R., Gallagher, A. (2016).Ethics and nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Johnstone, M. J. (2015).Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. Masters, B. R. (2014). Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Eds: Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress Oxford University Press, 2013. XVI, 459 Pages, US $66.95, ISBN-13: 978-0-19-992458-5. Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Pick, A., Gilbert, K., McCaul, J. (2014). The role of effective communication in achieving informed consent for clinical trials.Nursing Standard,29(10), 45-48. Scanlon, A., Cashin, A., Bryce, J., Kelly, J. G., Buckely, T. (2016). The complexities of defining nurse practitioner scope of practice in the Australian context.Collegian,23(1), 129-142. Shaddock Associates v Parramatta City Council [1981] 150 CLR 225 at 248-9, Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California [1974] 13 Cal. 3d 177, 529 P.2d. 553, 118 Cal. Rptr. 129 (1974). Wolf, L. E., Patel, M. J., Tarver, B. A. W., Austin, J. L., Dame, L. A., Beskow, L. M. (2015). Certificates of confidentiality: protecting human subject research data in law and practice.The Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics,43(3), 594-609.

Editorial Homework Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework

Editorial Homework Is it not amazing that in todays society students must not only spend seven hours in school doing work, but then they must go home to spend another giver or six hours doing homework? Their grades are not improving enough to make a difference, and they are becoming extremely unhealthy. Not only does the average student suffer from sleep deprivation but many times malnutrition and emotional breakdowns. These are all caused by the over assigning of homework outside of school. How much homework is there really? Some say that for every hour spent in class a hi8gh school student should spend at least and hour doing homework and studying for that particular class. Well considering that a student would have to wake up by 6 a.m. and does not get home until around 2:30 p.m. there just are not enough hours in a day. Seven hours of school would be seven more hours out of school this would mean that if the students came home from school, they would have to works non stop from 2:30 p.m. until 9:30 p.m. every day. This may not seem bad until a person realizes that in todays world, the average student has at least one or two activities a week. The students may not be home until 5:00 or 6:00 in the evening, if not later and then would be required to stay up until 1:00 a.m. doing homework. This is ridiculous. This homework causes sleep deprivation; without sleep it is almost impossible for the body to function. A student could easily become ill. With only five hours of sleep, a student is less likely to wake up in the morning, causing many tardies in school. If the students become sick they will miss even more school and the makeup homework will begin to pile up. This makeup work adds hours to the regular work. Eventually the student will become so tired and ill that the stress will become unbearable. The average teenager in the year 2000 is already subject to extreme stress. This stress exemplifies with sleep deprivation and illness. Stress is an amazingly powerful thing. Any student can become stressed but with more and more homework begin added into everyday schedules, the stress factor can increase severely, causing students to become tired, irritable, ill, depressed, and even to have emotional breakdowns. This is not only unhealthy, but also harmful to the development of the student in society. This stress could be cut down tr4emendously if only less homework were given. The added work given in American schools causes stress on the students and therefore the students do not perform well in school. Their performance is the basis of college admittance and without a high-grade performance, the student will not attend a challenging and scholarly college. The need for a reduction in homework is imperative. Education Essays

Outlining Simple Homework Guidelines for K-8 Teachers

Outlining Simple Homework Guidelines for K-8 Teachers Homework; the term elicits a myriad of responses. Students are naturally opposed to the idea of homework. No student ever says, â€Å"I wish my teacher would assign me more homework.†Ã‚  Most students begrudge homework and find any opportunity or possible excuse to avoid doing it. Educators themselves are split on the issue. Many teachers assign daily homework seeing it as a way to further develop and reinforce core academic skills, while also teaching students responsibility.  Other educators refrain from assigning daily homework. They view it as unnecessary overkill that often leads to frustration and causes students to resent school and learning altogether.   Parents are also divided on whether or not they welcome homework.  Those who welcome it see it as an opportunity for their children to reinforce critical learning skills. Those who loathe it see it as an infringement of their child’s time.  They say it takes away from extra-curricular activities, play time, family time, and also adds unnecessary stress. Research on the topic is also inconclusive. You can find research that strongly supports the benefits of assigning regular homework, some that denounce it as having zero benefits, with most reporting that assigning homework offers some positive benefits, but also can be detrimental in some areas. The Effects of Homework Since opinions vary so drastically, coming to a consensus on homework is nearly impossible.  We sent a survey out to parents of a school regarding the topic, asking parents these two basic questions: How much time is your child spending working on homework each night?Is this amount of time too much, too little, or just right? The responses varied significantly. In one 3rd grade class with 22 students, the responses regarding how much time their child spends on homework each night had an alarming disparity.  The lowest amount of time spent was 15 minutes, while the largest amount of time spent was 4 hours.  Everyone else fell somewhere in between.  When discussing this with the teacher, she told me that she sent home the same homework for every child and was blown away by the vastly different ranges in time spent completing it.  The answers to the second question aligned with the first.  Almost every class had similar, varying results making it really difficult to gauge where we should go as a school regarding homework. While reviewing and studying my school’s homework policy and the results of the aforementioned survey, I discovered a few important revelations about homework that I think anyone looking at the topic would benefit from: 1. Homework should be clearly defined. Homework is not unfinished classwork that the student is required to take home and complete. Homework is â€Å"extra practice† given to take home to reinforce concepts that they have been learning in class.  It is important to note that teachers should always give students time in class under their supervision to complete class work. Failing to give them an appropriate amount of class time increases their workload at home.  More importantly, it does not allow the teacher to give immediate feedback to the student as to whether or not they are doing the assignment correctly.  What good does it do if a student completes an assignment if they are doing it all incorrectly?  Teachers must find a way to let parents know what assignments are homework and which ones are classwork that they did not complete. 2. The amount of time required to complete the same homework assignment varies significantly from student to student.  This speaks to personalization. I have always been a big fan of customizing homework to fit each individual student.  Blanket homework is more challenging for some students than it is for others. Some fly through it, while others spend excessive amounts of time completing it.  Differentiating homework will take some additional time for teachers in regards to preparation, but it will ultimately be more beneficial for students. The National Education Association recommends that students be given 10-20 minutes of homework each night and an additional 10 minutes per advancing grade level. The following chart adapted from the National Education Associations recommendations can be used as a resource for teachers in Kindergarten through the 8th grade. Grade Level Recommended Amount of Homework Per Night Kindergarten 5 – 15 minutes 1st Grade 10 – 20 minutes 2nd Grade 20 – 30 minutes 3rd Grade 30 – 40 minutes 4th Grade 40 – 50 minutes 5th Grade 50 – 60 minutes 6th Grade 60 – 70 minutes 7th Grade 70 – 80 minutes 8th Grade 80 – 90 minutes It can be difficult for teachers to gauge how much time students need to complete an assignment. The following charts serve to streamline this process as it breaks down the average time it takes for students to complete a single problem in a variety of subject matter for common assignment types. Teachers should consider this information when assigning homework. While it may not be accurate for every student or assignment, it can serve as a starting point when calculating how much time students need to complete an assignment. It is important to note that in grades where classes are departmentalized it is important that all teachers are on the same page as the totals in the chart above is the recommended amount of total homework per night and not just for a single class. Kindergarten – 4th Grade (Elementary Recommendations) Assignment Estimated Completion Time Per Problem Single Math Problem 2 minutes English Problem 2 minutes Research Style Questions (i.e. Science) 4 minutes Spelling Words – 3x each 2 minutes per word Writing a Story 45 minutes for 1-page Reading a Story 3 minutes per page Answering Story Questions 2 minutes per question Vocabulary Definitions 3 minutes per definition *If students are required to write the questions, then you will need to add 2 additional minutes per problem. (i.e. 1-English problem requires 4 minutes if students are required to write the sentence/question.) 5th – 8th Grade (Middle School Recommendations) Assignment Estimated Completion Time Per Problem Single-Step Math Problem 2 minutes Multi-Step Math Problem 4 minutes English Problem 3 minutes Research Style Questions (i.e. Science) 5 minutes Spelling Words – 3x each 1 minutes per word 1 Page Essay 45 minutes for 1-page Reading a Story 5 minutes per page Answering Story Questions 2 minutes per question Vocabulary Definitions 3 minutes per definition *If students are required to write the questions, then you will need to add 2 additional minutes per problem. (i.e. 1-English problem requires 5 minutes if students are required to write the sentence/question.) Assigning Homework Example It is recommended that 5th graders have 50-60 minutes of homework per night. In a self-contained class, a teacher assigns 5 multi-step math problems, 5 English problems, 10 spelling words to be written 3x each, and 10 science definitions on a particular night. Assignment Average Time Per Problem # of Problems Total Time Multi-Step Math 4 minutes 5 20 minutes English Problems 3 minutes 5 15 minutes Spelling Words – 3x 1 minute 10 10 minutes Science Definitions 3 minutes 5 15 minutes Total Time on Homework: 60 minutes 3. There are a few critical academic skill builders that students should be expected to do every night or as needed. Teachers should also consider these things. However, they may or may not, be factored into the total time to complete homework. Teachers should use their best judgment to make that determination: Independent Reading – 20-30 minutes per dayStudy for Test/Quiz - variesMultiplication Math Fact Practice (3-4) – varies - until facts are masteredSight Word Practice (K-2) – varies - until all lists are mastered 4. Coming to a general consensus regarding homework is almost impossible.  School leaders must bring everyone to the table, solicit feedback, and come up with a plan that works best for the majority.  This plan should be reevaluated and adjusted continuously. What works well for one school may not necessarily be the best solution for another.

Professional Nursing Organization Research Paper

Professional Nursing Organization - Research Paper Example Just like any other profession, a professional body that encompasses human care, nursing interests, governs the nursing profession. The nursing organizations ensure their future survival by determining how to carry out present actions with a view of being professional and maintaining their global relevance (Corcoran, 2000). Among the many professional nursing organizations, this paper will review the American Nurses Association. . The American Nurses Association operates under the Mission Statement: Nurses advancing our profession to improve health for all. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is a full-service professional organization that represents the interests of America’s nurses. About 3.1 million registered nurses benefit from The American Nurses Association (ANA through its constituent and state nurses associations and its organizational affiliates (ANA, 2012). The ANA collaborates with the Congress to pass legislation that protects the interests of nurses and patien ts. Additionally, The ANA fosters high standards of nursing practice, projects a positive and realistic view of nursing, and promotes the rights of nurses in the workplace, and lobby the Congress and other regulatory agencies on issues affecting the health care of nurses and the public. In doing this, it relevantly advances the nursing profession. ... efines nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (ANA, 2012). The American Nurses Association (ANA) has number of priorities that govern its operations. The ANA advocates for the provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing and seeks attention to the wide range of human experiences and responses to health and illness within the physical and social environments. It seeks adherence to the set code of ethics in the nursing profession and healthcare reforms. The ANA equally promotes the integration of objective data with knowledge gained from an appreciation of the patient or group's subjective experience in the field of nursing. Similarly, the ANA prioritize safety and quality health care accorded in professional standards. Additiona lly, the ANA calls for the application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment with judgment and critical thinking. The ANA considerably prioritize the advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry, and influence on social and public policy to promote social justice. In addition, the ANA aims at conserving the environment for a safer working place as well as seeking various benefits for its members (ANA, 2012). The priorities of the American Nurses Association (ANA) have significant contributions to the discipline of nursing. The priorities and the mission statement of the ANA ensure that nurses confine themselves to informative, scientific, and professional decisions while handling patients. They also ensure that patients and nurses